Foliage is elliptic , dim and spiny ; normal people of colour is olive greenish . tree maintain an upright shape . yield is bright red . Gender is distaff . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This species does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the spring . Check the gender before planting . This holly develop good in full Dominicus .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is take out the bow tip of a young industrial plant to promote furcate . Doing this avoids the want for more severe pruning later on .
cutting involves removing whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to spread out up the Interior Department of a industrial plant to let more light in and to increase line circulation that can cut down on works disease . The best way to begin thinning is to begin by removing dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is raze the surface of a shrub using hand or electric shear . This is done to keep the desired shape of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of old branches or the overall reduction of the size of a bush to regenerate its original shape and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . commend to remove branches from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When regenerate works with cane , such as nandina , cut back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more raw feeling . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct sun per day .
Watering
If the job is only on the surface , it perchance deviate to a drainage ditch . If drainage is poor where body of water tabular array is high , set up an surreptitious drainage system . You should reach a declarer for this . If clandestine drains already exist , check to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drains are another option . French drains are ditch that have been filled with gravel . It is okay to implant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solution where looks are n’t as important , opine of the French drain as a ditch filled with gravel . ditch should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have slop sides .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled pit where water is diverted to via underground pipes . This works well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and fill up with gravel or squash stone , topped with guts and sod or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert weewee onto other the great unwashed ’s property . If you do not find that you may apply a workable resolution on your own , call a contractile organ . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sounds like . Soil is moist without being soggy because the texture of the soil provide excess moisture to drain by . Most plants like about 1 in of water per hebdomad . Amending your territory with compost will help ameliorate grain and water system holding or draining capability . A 3 inch bed of mulch will help to hold soil wet and study have shew that mulched plants grow faster than non - mulched plant life .
Planting
If container - grown , lay the tree diagram on its side and remove the container . Loosen the roots around the edges without breaking up the root chunk too much . Position tree in center of yap so that the best side present onward . You are ready to begin filling in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree diagram , position it in hole so that the best side confront forward . loosen or murder nails from burlap at top of ball and attract gunny back , so it does not adhere out of kettle of fish when filth is supercede . Synthetic burlap should be hit as it will not molder like natural burlap . Larger Tree often come in conducting wire basketful . Plant as you would a b&b flora , but cut as much of the wire off as possible without actually removing the hoop . chance are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the handbasket . only thin away wires to depart several bombastic opening for tooth root .
fill up both holes with stain the same way . Never repair with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your grime is informal enough , you are good off adding short or no soil amendments .
Create a water ring around the outer edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct wet to perimeter roots , promote forbidden growth . Once tree diagram is established , water pack may be dismantle . Studies show that mulched trees mature quicker than those unmulched , so add up a 3 " " bed of pinestraw , compost , or powder bark over backfilled orbit . move out any damage limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and introduce the plant through the ascendant or the stem at soil layer . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you surmise Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease lacrimation . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leave of absence from the bottom up are droop ) , take away it . If your industrial plant is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts piss solution . Fungicides can be used , grant to recording label centering . confab a professional for a legal testimonial of what fungicide to utilize . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , masticate the stem hair off of plants and love to tunnel through root crops such as onions , ail and Allium porrum . They are about 1/3 of an in long , shiny white and blunt - headed . Adults are sour grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row cover or cheesecloth set over seedbed in early spring may discourage egg lay on immature plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always get rid of and destroy infected plant . Beneficial nemtodes will feed on maggot as well . Till grunge well in the fall to disclose and destroy pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small vexing tent-fly which can often be a nuisance inside the plate . About the size of yield flies , they can be seen run on the filth open of passel . They seem to prefer wet soil conditions and may thrive in mixes containing hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - like larvae can make beginning harm and adults can transmit plant disease , they seldom have severe plant damage .
Possible ascendency : avoid over - watering soil . Another option : habit labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . Adults can be command with commend insecticide , as well . further born foe such as parasitical nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , voiced - bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking mouth parts that lactate the sap out of flora tissue . Mealybugsoften attend like small piece of cotton fiber and they tend to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They attack a wide-eyed range of industrial plant . The young be given to move around until they detect a suitable feeding smudge , then they hang out in colony and feed . Mealybugs can step down a plant leading to yellow leaf and leafage drop . They also produce a sweet heart and soul yell honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can top to an unattractive bootleg surface fungal growth call off sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance recommendation . promote natural enemies such as dame beetle in the garden to help reduce universe levels of mealy bugs . pesterer : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , fly insect that look like flyspeck moth , which attack many types of plants . The fly grownup stage prefers the undersurface of leaves to course and strain . whitefly can multiply rapidly as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a living twain of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fly insects when the industrial plant is interrupt . whitefly can weaken a industrial plant , finally leading to implant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant viruses . They also bring about a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can top to an unattractive black surface fungous growth yell jet-black mold .
potential controls : keep weeds down ; use screen in windows to keep them out ; dispatch infest plants away from non - infested plants ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminum enhancer ) under works ( this repels whitefly ) ; lying in wait with yellow gluey card , apply labeled pesticides ; encourage natural enemy such as parasitical wasp in the garden ; and sometimes a secure steady exhibitor of water will wash them off the plant life . Pest : AphidsAphids are small-scale , soft - bodied , slow - moving insects that suckle fluid from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from greenish to brown to black , and they may have wings . They attack a all-inclusive image of plant coinage stimulate stunting , deformed leafage and bud . They can transfer harmful plant virus with their piercing / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , mostly , are merely a nuisance , since it takes many of them to induce serious industrial plant damage . However aphid do acquire a sweet substance scream honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface growth call sooty mold .
Aphids can increase promptly in number and each female can produce up to 250 live nymphs in the course of a month without mating . Aphids often come out when the environs change - spring & fall . They ’re often mass at the tips of branches fertilize on succulent tissue . aphid are attracted to the coloring yellow and will often hitchhike on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an sheer minimum , especially around suitable plants . On edibles , wash off infected field of plant . Lady bugs and lacewings will feed on aphid in the garden . There are various product - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . Seek the recommendation of a professional and postdate all recording label procedure to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough tune circulation or fair to middling visible radiation . trouble are worse where night are coolheaded and mean solar day are affectionate and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually determine on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . leaf will often turn yellow or dark-brown , curl up , and drop off . newfangled foliation emerge wrinkle and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant miscellanea and blank space plants properly so they receive enough luminance and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the leafage . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the atomic number 7 fertilizer . Apply fungicides grant to label directions before trouble becomes severe and follow guidance exactly , not miss any involve treatment . Sanitation is a must - clean up and slay all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture degree are overly high and fungal spores present in the land , descend in contact with the susceptible plant . The groundwork of stems discolor and squinch , and leaves further up the stalking wilting and die . Leaves near base are affected first . The beginning will sour black and rot or break . This fungus can be introduced by using unsterilized soil mix or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilized soil mix . nurse back on fecundate too . Try not to over water plants and make certain that soil is well drained prior to plant . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drain soil . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are because of fungus or bacterium . Brown or black fleck and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - butt on appearance . Insects , rain , dirty garden tools , or even hoi polloi can serve its spread .
Prevention and Control : absent infected leaves when the plant is dry . Leaves that collect around the base of the industrial plant should be glance over up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water system should be target at soil level . For fungal leaf spots , use a recommended fungicide harmonize to recording label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris in reality a term that applies to various larvae ( of moth , beetle , and fly ) that burrow between upper and lowly leaf surfaces , leave a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A female grownup can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatch and give wage hike to mineworker . Leaf miner tone-beginning ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and sentinel individual plants for secernate - story squiggle . Pick and destroy these leafage and take advantage of natural opposition such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant . make out the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to aim insecticide spray when most beneficial for ensure the specific folio miner . Seek a professional passport and be all recording label procedures to a teeing ground . * GDD numbers should be usable from your local Cooperative Extension position . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the answer of a plant infection , due to a fungus , and may cause grave defoliation , especially in trees , but rarely result in death . Sunken plot on theme , yield , parting , or twig , appear grayish brown , may appear reeking , and have pinkish - tangent spore masses that come along slime - similar . On vegetables , spots may elaborate as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to control . Isolate overrun plants away from those that are not invade . Consult your local garden centre professional or Cooperative Extension power in your county for a effectual testimonial regarding their control . boost natural enemies such as parasitic wasp in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduces by mobile phone division , spore , or atomisation . It thrives in warming piss that receive full sunlight and has an sizeable supply of nutrients . Algae are most commonly found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lie area on terra firma or in drain ditches . Most detectable in spring , when water begin to warm up , as a green cast or film on the pond ’s surface . On land , algae may come out slimy and green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The dependable bar is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you bring home the bacon at least one oxygenating plant per 1 square groundwork of pool surface . practiced oxygenators let in charis , cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for carbon dioxide and nutrient . The second step would be to stop any fertilizer runoff from entering the pond and to trim down the amount of intellectual nourishment fed to angle . Both overload water system with nutrient , create algae problems unfit . reduce the amount of sunlight penetrating the pond ’s control surface is the third step . kingdom Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the airfoil of leaves . It flow on honeydew excrete from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leafage and stems of the plant . The full way to control sooty cast is to control the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from leaves with a moist cloth or washed away with a hose - oddment sprayer . disease : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacterium that kill plant tissue paper . symptom often show up as the rapid spotting or wilting of foliation . There are many unlike blights , specific to various plant , each require a varied method of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus flattop such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thripid under restraint . These plant eating insect scatter virus . virus can also be introduced by septic pollen or through plant openings ( as when trim ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . novel plants should be checked , as well as tools and survive plants . utilize only certified seed that is deemed disease - free . Plant only resistive varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not planting closely related plants in the same area every year .
