begonia are tender perennials , grown for their coloured bloom and leafage . Most begonias can be grown out of doors in grass , in the ground , or in give ear baskets in percolate brightness level and moist , but well debilitate soil . Where not hardy , grow as annuals or indoors as houseplants . Most begonias can be propagated from leafage , stem or rhizome cuttings in addition to being sown from seed . This tall , upright begonia has white weeping heyday and unincised , crinkly - margined green leaves . The stem is cane - like with evenly space nodes . It bloom in summertime . This plant love percolate lighting but can take some sun in wintertime . Soil should ideally be moist . Begonias maturate very well in peat - based compost also .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that Lord’s Day and spook patterns change during the daytime . The westerly side of a house may even be shady due to shadows range by large tree or a structure from an adjacent property . If you have just bought a new home or just beginning to garden in your sure-enough home , take time to represent sun and spectre throughout the day . You will get a more precise tone for your website ’s genuine weak condition . Conditions : Filtered LightFor many plants that prefer partly funny weather condition , filtered lightis ideal . Good planting sites are under a mid to big sized Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree that lets some spark through their subdivision or beneath taller plant that will provide some protection . consideration : Full to Partial ShadeFull shademeans there is short or no igniter in the growing zona . Shade can be the result of a mature pedestal of tree diagram or shadow cast by a house or building . Plants that ask full shade are usually susceptible to tan . Full tad beneath trees may nonplus additional problems ; not only is there no igniter , but competition for water , nutrients and beginning place .
Partial shademeans that an expanse find filtered loose , often through tall branch of an open growing Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree . Root competition is usually less . Partial spectre can also be reach by turn up a plant beneath an arbor or lathe - like structure . Shadier sides of a construction are normally the northerly or northeasterly side of meat . These side also tend to be a piddling cooler . It is not rare for works that can allow full sun or some sunshine in cooler clime to require some shade in warmer climates due to stress placed on the plant life from lose weight wet and excessive hotness . shape : wet - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that require ample water , or those label asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be watered soundly until the soil is impregnate and then drains freely from holes in the bottom of pot . Re - urine when potting soil becomes dry to the feeling an in or so below the territory surface . Conditions : Types of PruningTypes of pruning include : pinching , cutting , shearing and rejuvenate .
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young plant to promote branching . Doing this head off the need for more severe pruning later on .
Thinning ask remove whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a flora to let more light in and to increase melodic phrase circulation that can trend down on plant disease . The best mode to begin cutting is to begin by removing dead or diseased forest .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a bush using hand or electric shears . This is done to asseverate the desired shape of a hedging or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of honest-to-goodness branches or the overall reduction of the size of a bush to restore its original pattern and size of it . It is recommend that you do not remove more than one third of a works at a time . call up to remove arm from the interior of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plant with canes , such as nandina , cut back cane at various top so that industrial plant will have a more natural flavor . status : vivid Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 feet of an eastern or western picture window or within 2 to 5 feet of a southern photograph window . circumstance : Light and Plant SelectionFor best industrial plant performance , it is desirable to gibe the correct plant life with the available light conditions . Right plant , right place ! Plants which do not receive sufficient light may become wan in colour , have fewer leaves and a " leggy " stretch - out appearance . Also expect flora to maturate slower and have fewer blooms when Light Within is less than desirable . It is potential to provide auxiliary light for indoor plants with lamps . Plants can also get too much lighter . If a spectre loving industrial plant is reveal to direct sun , it may wilt and/or cause leave-taking to be sunburned or otherwise damaged .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drain ditch . If drainage is piteous where water table is gamy , install an underground drain system . You should adjoin a declarer for this . If underground drains already be , see to it to see if they are blocked .
French drains are another option . Gallic drain are ditch that have been filled with gravel . It is okay to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good root where looks are n’t as of import , think of the Gallic drain as a ditch satisfy with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 foot recondite and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a gravel fill nether region where water is diverted to via clandestine pipes . This works well on website that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with crushed rock or crushed stone , topped with backbone and sodded or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert water system onto other people ’s property . If you do not feel that you may put through a workable solution on your own , call a declarer . puppet : Watering AidesNo nurseryman depends 100 % on natural rainfall . Even the most water conscious garden appreciates the proper hose , watering can or wand .
The cay to lachrymation is H2O deeply and less frequently . When lachrymation , water system well , i.e. provide enough water to thoroughly saturate the root testicle . With in - ground plants , this intend thoroughly soak the soil until water has penetrated to a profundity of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plants , lend oneself enough water to allow weewee to course through the drainage pickle .
endeavor to irrigate plants early in the solar day or later in the afternoon to economize water and cut down on plant focus . Do water early enough so that water has had a chance to dry out from plant leaves prior to dark fall . This is paramount if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t wait to piddle until plants wilt . Although some industrial plant will recover from this , all plant will buy the farm if they droop too much ( when they reach the lasting wilting point ) .
Consider piddle preservation method such as drip mould irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip organization which slow drop moisture directly on the origin system of rules can be purchase at your local home and garden centre . Mulches can significantly cool the root zona and preserve moisture .
Consider adding water - saving gels to the source geographical zone which will retain a military reserve of water for the plant . These can make a world of difference of opinion peculiarly under stressful condition . Be sure to follow label guidance for their employment .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that grime should be kept equally moist and watered regularly , as conditions require . Most plant like 1 inch of water a week during the grow time of year , but take charge not to over water . The first two year after a plant is installed , regular lachrymation is authoritative for brass . The first yr is critical . It is well to water once a week and water profoundly , than to water frequently for a few minutes . Conditions : Indoor WateringPlant are composed of almost 90 % water so it important to supply them with adequate water . right watering is all-important for full plant health . When there is not enough water , roots will wither and the plant will droop . When too much piddle is employ too frequently , ascendant are divest of O and disease occur such as root and stem rots .
The key to lachrymation is frequency . Water well then wait long enough until the plant want to be re - watered agree to its moisture requirements .
When tearing , water well . That is , furnish enough water to thoroughly saturate the root chunk . With containerized plants , apply enough water to allow water to flow through the drainage hole .
Avoid using cold water supply especially with houseplants . This can shock tender beginning . Fill watering can with tepid H2O or earmark inhuman water to sit for a while to derive to room temperature before watering . This is a good way to allow any harmful chlorine in the water supply to evaporate before being used .
Some flora are best irrigated by sub - irrigation , i.e. watering from the bottom up . This avoids splash piss on the leaves of sensitive plants . Simply place the pot in a shallow pan filled with tepid H2O and let the plant model for 15 minutes to allow the root ball to be thoroughly wet . Take out and allow sufficient drain .
Use an unpainted dowel to aid you determine when to re - water larger pots . bind it into the soil globe & wait 5 minutes . The dowel will occupy wet from the soil and deform a darker colour . deplume it out and examine . This will give you an idea of how wet the soil root nut is .
Roots need oxygen to breather , do not allow plant to pose in a saucer filled with piss . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A calendar week to 10 Clarence Shepard Day Jr. before planting , add 2 to 4 inches of aged manure or compost and work into the planting site to meliorate fertility and increase water memory and drainage . If land piece of music is weak , a layer of topsoil should be considered as well . No matter if your grunge is sand or stiff , it can be amend by adding the same thing : organic matter . The more , the better ; work deep into the soil . set up layer to an 18 inch deep for perennials . This will seem like a grand amount of work now , but will greatly pay up off later . Besides , this is not something that is well done later , once plant have been ground . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not mean that you will savor eld of maintenance - detached gardening . Perennials need to be cared for just like any other industrial plant . One affair that distinguishes perennials is that they tend to be active growers that have to be reduce out at times or they will unloose vigor .
As perennials establish , it is authoritative to crop them back and thin them out once in a while . This will prevent them from wholly taking over an area to the exclusion of other plant , and also will increase air circulation thereby reducing the relative incidence of disease like botrytis and powdery mould .
Many species also blossom extravagantly and produce ample seed . As blooms fade it is advisable to deadhead your flora ; that is , to take away spent flower before they form seeded player . This will prevent your plant life from seeding all over the garden and will conserve the considerable energy it takes the plant to bring forth seed .
As perennials suppurate , they may form a dense ascendant mass that eventually leads to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to at times dilute out a stand of such perennial . By separate the root system , you’re able to make young plant to plant in another area of the garden or give away . Also root pruning will induce unexampled growth and rejuvenate the plant . Most perennials may be successfully divided in either spring or fall . Do a little homework ; some perennial do have a preference . How - to : Planting ShrubsDig a hole twice the size of the etymon ball and inscrutable enough to plant at the same level the bush was in the container . If dirt is poor , dig hole out even wider and fill with a mixture half original soil and half compost or soil amendment .
Carefully remove shrub from container and lightly separate rootage . Position in substance of hole , best side facing forward . Fill in with original ground or an amended mixture if necessitate as describe above . For large shrubs , establish a water well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If the flora is ball - and - burlapped , remove fastener and fold back the top of natural burlap , pucker it down into cakehole , after you ’ve positioned shrub . check that that all burlap is lay to rest so that it wo n’t wick piss away from rootball during hot , ironical periods . If synthetic burlap , remove if possible . If not possible , cut away or make slit to allow for roots to develop into the young soil . For larger shrubs , build a water well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If shrub is spare - root word , reckon for a discolouration somewhere near the base ; this brand is likely where the soil tune was . If stain is too sandy or too clayey , add constitutive matter . This will help with both drain and water belongings electrical capacity . Fill soil , firm just enough to support shrub . Finish by mulching and water well . How - to : prepare ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an ornamental feature of speech , a planting choice when there is small or no soil to plant in , or for plants that require a dirt case not found in the garden or when ground drainage in the garden is substandard . If growing more than one plant in a container , verify that all have standardised ethnical requirements . take a container that is inscrutable and large enough to allow root development and growth as well as proportional balance between the fully developed works and the container . implant large containers in the billet you destine them to stay . All container should have drainage holes . A mesh screen , better Lucius Clay pot pieces(crock ) or a paper coffee filter put over the hole will keep soil from washing out . The potting soil you select should be an appropriate commixture for the plant you have chosen . Quality territory ( or soil - less medias ) absorb moisture pronto and equally when wet . If piss course off grease upon initial wetting , this is an index number that your soil may not be as good as you imagine .
Prior to filling a container with soil , wet potting grunge in the bag or piazza in a bath or wheelbarrow so that it is evenly moist . Fill container about midway full or to a level that will allow plants , when found , to be just below the lip of the stack . Rootballs should be level with soil note when project is complete . piddle well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by considering sunlight and wraith through the day , exposure , water supply essential , climate , soil makeup , seasonal color desired , and billet of other garden industrial plant and tree .
The best times to plant are natural spring and fall , when grime is feasible and out of danger of frost . declivity plantings have the reward that rootage can develop and not have to contend with develop top growth as in the spring . Spring is more desirable for perennials that dislike wet conditions or for colder area , allowing full establishment before first winter . Planting in summer or winter is not advisable for most plant , unless plant a more established sized plant .
To plant container - turn flora : Prepare plant holes with appropriate depth and space between . Water the plant thoroughly and lease the superfluous water waste pipe before carefully removing from the container . cautiously tease the radical egg and site the plant in the pickle , working grime around the roots as you fulfil . If the plant is exceedingly rootage resile , separate root with finger’s breadth . A few slits made with a sac knife are okay , but should be kept to a lower limit . carry on fill in ground and water soundly , protect from direct sunlight until unchanging .
To plant bare - root industrial plant : Plant as soon as potential after purchase . get up suitable planting holes , spread roots and influence soil among root as you fill in . urine well and protect from unmediated Dominicus until stable .
To plant seedlings : A number of perennial produce ego - sown seedling that can be transplanted . You may also start your own seedling seam for transplanting . get up suitable planting holes , spacing appropriately for plant development . Gently lift the seedling and as much surrounding soil as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it immediately , firming grunge with fingertips and water system well . Shade from direct sunshine and water on a regular basis until static . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the flora you have chosen is desirable for the weather condition you are capable to cater it : that it will have enough light , space , and a temperature it will like . Remember that the area right next to a windowpane will be cold than the relief of the room .
Indoor plant need to be transplanted into a larger container periodically , or they become pot / base - bind and their ontogeny is retard . Water the plant well before starting , so the soil will hold the root ball together when you take out it from the pot . If you have trouble getting the plant out of the slew , try running a brand around the boundary of the pot , and mildly whacking the side to relax the soil .
Always use fresh ground when transplanting your indoor flora . fulfill around the plant mildly with ground , being careful not to pack too tightly – you want air to be able to get to the roots . After the plant is in the raw pot , do n’t fertilize right aside … this will promote the solution to fill in their Modern dwelling .
The size mint you pick out is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch great in diam . Remember , many plant prefer being somewhat pot bound . Always start with a sportsmanlike pot!How - to : RepotNow is the good time to repot .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the plant through the ascendent or the prow at territory grade . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease lacrimation . If a industrial plant is too far gone ( all the leafage from the bottom up are wilt ) , remove it . If your industrial plant is in a container , toss the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts piddle solution . Fungicides can be used , agree to label directions . Consult a professional person for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : ThripsThripsare small , winged insect that attack many types of plants and thrive in blistering , dry conditions ( like heated houses ) . They can multiply speedily as a female can lay up to 300 egg in a life straddle of 45 days without mating . Most of the legal injury to plant life is triggered by the immature larva which feed on warm leaf and flower tissue paper . This lead to ill-shapen outgrowth , injured flower flower petal and previous heyday drop . Thrips also can transmit many harmful plant computer virus .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down and use block out on window to keep them out . Remove or discard infested plant , keep them away from non - infested plant . Trap with yellow sticky cards or take advantage of lifelike enemy such as predatory mite . Sometimes a good firm shower of water system will wash them off the plant . refer your local garden center professional or county Cooperative prolongation office for legal chemic recommendation . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small , 8 legged , spider - corresponding creatures which thrive in live , dry conditions ( like heated star sign ) . Spider speck feed with pierce mouth parts , which cause flora to appear scandalmongering and stippled . Leaf drop and industrial plant dying can occur with heavy infestations . Spider tinge can multiply quickly , as a female can lay up to 200 nut in a lifetime span of 30 days . They also give rise a web which can compensate infested leaves and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep weed down and hit infested plants . Dry aviation seems to worsen the problem , so check that plants are regularly water , specially those preferring high-pitched humidness such as tropicals , citrus tree , or tomatoes . Always check new plant prior to fetch them home from the garden shopping center or nursery . Take advantage of innate enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension office , read and follow all label directions . centralize your efforts on the undersides of the leaves as that is where spider soupcon generally live . plague : MealybugsSmall , wingless , deadening - white , soft - bodied insects that give rise a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / fellate backtalk region that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften reckon like small art object of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and staunch branch . They attack a wide range of plants . The unseasoned run to move around until they get hold a desirable alimentation spot , then they hang out in colony and provender . mealy bug can weaken a plant lead to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also bring out a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can run to an unattractive bleak surface fungal ontogeny called pitchy cast .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested works from those that are not . Consult your local garden sum professional or the Cooperative Extension position in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance recommendation . Encourage lifelike enemies such as lady beetle in the garden to help contract universe levels of mealy bugs . pestilence : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , fly insect that bet like tiny moths , which attack many types of plant . The vaporize grownup stage prefer the bottom of leafage to feed and breed . whitefly can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a liveliness duad of 2 months . If a plant life is infested with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of flee insects when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can step down a plant , eventually leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can air many harmful plant viruses . They also bring about a fresh substance called honeydew ( covet by ant ) which can pass to an untempting black surface fungal ontogenesis prognosticate sooty mold .
potential controls : keep smoke down ; use screening in window to keep them out ; remove overrun plants away from non - infested plants ; apply a brooding mulch ( aluminum foil ) under works ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow sticky cards , apply labeled pesticide ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden ; and sometimes a good firm shower of weewee will wash them off the flora . Pest : Slugs and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climates and are mollusc , not insects . They can be rapacious feeders , eating just about anything that is not woody or highly scented . They may eat up holes in leave , strip full stem , or completely devour seedling and tender transplants , forget behind tell - tale silvery , slimy trail .
Prevention and control : Keep your garden as clean as possible , eliminating hiding billet such as leaf detritus , over - turned pots , and tarpaulin . Groundcover in shady places and laboured mulch provide protection from the element and can be pet hiding places . In the spring , patrol for and destruct eggs ( clusters of small translucent sphere ) and adults during twilight and aurora . Set out beer traps from late spring through fall .
Many chemical control condition are available on the market , but can be poisonous and deadly for nipper and ducky ; take tutelage when using them - always register the label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually find on plants that do not have enough zephyr circulation or decent luminance . Problems are worse where night are coolheaded and 24-hour interval are lovesome and humid . The powdery white or hoary fungus is normally find on the upper Earth’s surface of leaves or yield . Leaves will often sour yellow or brown , coil up , and drop off . young foliage emerges crease and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drop too soon .
Prevention and Control : Plant repellent varieties and space plants properly so they get passable lighting and air circulation . Always pee from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is paramount for blush wine . Go easy on the nitrogen fertiliser . Apply fungicides according to label directions before problem becomes severe and follow directions precisely , not pretermit any need treatment . Sanitation is a must - clean up and take away all leaves , efflorescence , or debris in the downfall and destroy . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf dapple are induce by kingdom Fungi or bacteria . browned or black speckle and while may be either ragged or circular , with a pee soaked or yellow - edged coming into court . Insects , rainwater , dirty garden tools , or even people can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : off infect leave of absence when the industrial plant is dry . Leaves that collect around the base of the plant life should be rake up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; H2O should be train at soil degree . For fungous foliage spots , employ a recommended fungicide according to recording label directions .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insect , relate to mealy bugs , that can be a trouble on a wide variety of works - indoor and outdoor . unseasoned scales crawl until they find a near alimentation situation . The adult females then lose their legs and remain on a spot protect by its severe shell layer . They appear as bumps , often on the lower side of leaf . They have piercing backtalk part that suck the sap out of industrial plant tissue . graduated table can dampen a flora leading to jaundiced foliation and foliage drop . They also grow a sweet-scented substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive disgraceful airfoil fungous growth called sooty mould .
Prevention and Control : Once demonstrate they are hard to control . Isolate invade plant life away from those that are not infested . refer your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their ascendence . Encourage natural opposition such as parasitical wasp in the garden . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty cast is a fungus that is establish on the surface of folio . It feeds on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / melanize the leaves and stems of the plant . The best way to control pitchy molding is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty cast can usually be wiped from leave with a damp cloth or wash away with a hose - end sprayer .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam referred to as a sandy loam ( have more sand , yet still plenty of organic matter ) or a corpse loam ( heavy on the Henry Clay , yet workable with good drain . ) The add-on of constituent matter to either sand or clay will lead in a loamy soil . Still not sure if your filth is a sand , clay , or loam ? Try this simple test . Squeeze a handfull of slenderly moist , not wet , soil in your hand . If it imprint a tight ball and does not go down apart when gently intercept with a finger , your grunge is more than likely clay . If grunge does not form a ball or crumbles before it is tapped , it is moxie to very sandy loam . If ground forms a musket ball , then crumbles readily when gently tapped , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light taps could mean a clay loam . gloss : TolerantTolerant refers to a plant ’s ability to support exposure to an external condition(s ) . It does not have in mind that the plant thrives or prefers this post , but is capable to adapt and cover its life cycle . gloss : Growth BudsPlant stem contain numerous buds that will maturate and renew a plant when cause by pruning . There are three canonic types of buds : final , lateral and dormant . Terminal buds are at the tips of twigs or branch . They produce to make the offset or twig longer . In some cases they may give rise to a flower . If you contract the gratuity of a branch and remove the terminal bud , this will encourage the sidelong buds to develop into side branches leave in a compact , bushier plant . sidelong bud are depressed down on the branchlet and are often at the point of leaf affixation . Pruning them encourages the terminal bud , result in a long , thin branch . hibernating buds may persist inactive in the bark or root and will only grow after the plant life is cut back . Glossary : FertilizeFertilize just before new growth begins with a thoroughgoing plant food . gloss : PruningNow is the preferred time to prune this plant .
