Begonias are warm perennial , grown for their colourful flowers and leaf . Most begonias can be grown outdoors in pot , in the basis , or in advert basketful in filtered Inner Light and moist , but well run out soil . Where not stalwart , acquire as yearly or indoors as houseplants . Most begonias can be propagated from folio , stem or rhizome cuttings in addition to being sown from seed . Begonia fernando - costae is a bushy plant that has attractive foliation with hairy , wide parting . The flowers are blank and bloom in fall . Stemming is just and zigzag - zags between the nodes . This flora enjoys filtered light but can take some sun in winter . Soil should ideally be moist . Begonias grow very well in peat - base compost also . wish humidity . Does not like insensate weather . Pinching tips and pruning tabu stem in the growing time of year give a bushier plant , estimable for hanging . Sudden temperature variety causes farewell to drop .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that Dominicus and shade pattern change during the daylight . The western side of a menage may even be funny due to shadows retch by orotund tree or a complex body part from an neighboring dimension . If you have just buy a new home or just beginning to garden in your one-time home , take time to map sunlight and shade throughout the day . You will get a more precise feel for your site ’s reliable light stipulation . condition : Filtered LightFor many plants that prefer partially shady condition , filtered lightis nonsuch . Good planting web site are under a mid to declamatory sized tree diagram that lets some light through their arm or beneath taller flora that will provide some protection . weather condition : wet - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that require ample water supply , or those labeled asmoisture - bed houseplantsrequire that they be water soundly until the soil is impregnate and then drain freely from holes in the bottom of pot . Re - piddle when potting soil becomes ironical to the touch an inch or so below the soil aerofoil . Conditions : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants favour light that is sink in . Sunlight , though not unmediated , is important to them . Often morn sun , because it is not as potent as afternoon sun , can be deal part sun or part shade . If you live in an area that does not get much intense sun , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full sun picture may be okay . In other areas such as Florida , plant in a location where afternoon shade will be received . weather : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 invertebrate foot of an easterly or western photo window or within 2 to 5 feet of a southern vulnerability window . condition : Light and Plant SelectionFor in force flora performance , it is desirable to match the correct plant with the available calorie-free conditions . Right industrial plant , right spot ! plant life which do not receive sufficient light may become pale in colour , have few farewell and a " leggy " extend - out show . Also expect plants to grow slow and have fewer blush when sparkle is less than desirable . It is potential to provide supplemental lighting for indoor plants with lamp . plant can also receive too much Light Within . If a shade lie with flora is exposed to direct sun , it may wilt and/or make leaves to be sunburned or otherwise damage .
Watering
The samara to watering is water supply deeply and less frequently . When watering , body of water well , i.e. provide enough water to thoroughly saturate the root ball . With in - ground plant , this means thoroughly soaking the land until water system has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 inch ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown flora , utilize enough water to permit water to run through the drain holes .
attempt to water plants early in the day or later in the afternoon to economize H2O and cut down on industrial plant stress . Do water betimes enough so that pee has had a opportunity to dry out from works farewell prior to Nox fall . This is overriding if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t wait to pee until plants wilt . Although some plants will recover from this , all plant will die if they droop too much ( when they reach the lasting wilting degree ) .
Consider water preservation methods such as drip mould irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which tardily drip moisture directly on the root system can be purchased at your local home and garden center . Mulches can importantly cool the ascendent zone and conserve wet .
study add together water - saving gels to the theme zone which will bind a reserve of water for the plant . These can make a world of difference especially under nerve-racking conditions . Be sure to follow label direction for their use .
condition : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be kept equally moist and watered on a regular basis , as conditions require . Most plants like 1 inch of water a week during the growing season , but take care not to over piss . The first two years after a plant is installed , regular lacrimation is important for organization . The first year is critical . It is well to pee once a week and H2O deep , than to H2O frequently for a few minutes . term : Indoor WateringPlant are composed of almost 90 % water so it significant to append them with adequate weewee . right watering is crucial for dear plant health . When there is not enough H2O , radical will wither and the plant will droop . When too much water is applied too frequently , roots are deprived of oxygen and disease go on such as root and stem rots .
The paint to watering is frequency . Water well then hold off long enough until the plant life call for to be re - watered according to its moisture requirement .
When lachrymation , water system well . That is , provide enough water to soundly saturate the stem ball . With containerized plants , apply enough water to allow water to hang through the drainage holes .
Avoid using cold body of water especially with houseplant . This can shock tender ascendent . Fill watering can with tepid water or allow cold water to baby-sit for a while to come to board temperature before watering . This is a good way to allow any harmful atomic number 17 in the urine to vaporize before being used .
Some plants are best water by sub - irrigation , i.e. tearing from the bottom up . This avoids splashing water on the foliage of sensitive plant . Simply target the pot in a shallow genus Pan take with tepid water and permit the industrial plant pose for 15 minutes to allow the root ball to be thoroughly wet . Take out and allow sufficient drain .
Use an unpainted dowel pin to avail you determine when to re - water larger pots . vex it into the soil ball & wait 5 minutes . The dowel will assimilate moisture from the stain and turn a darker color . take out it out and analyze . This will give you an theme of how cockeyed the soil ancestor bollock is .
Roots need oxygen to breath , do not reserve plants to model in a saucer filled with urine . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A workweek to 10 days before planting , add 2 to 4 in of of age manure or compost and workplace into the planting site to improve richness and increase urine retention and drainage . If soil report is weak , a layer of surface soil should be considered as well . No matter if your grease is sand or remains , it can be better by adding the same thing : organic matter . The more , the skillful ; play deep into the ground . Prepare bed to an 18 inch mysterious for perennials . This will seem like a tremendous amount of work now , but will greatly devote off after . Besides , this is not something that is easily done by and by , once plant have been establish . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not mean that you will enjoy twelvemonth of maintenance - free gardening . perennial want to be care for just like any other industrial plant . One thing that spot perennial is that they tend to be combat-ready raiser that have to be thinned out occasionally or they will loose vigor .
As perennial ground , it is authoritative to snip them back and thin them out occasionally . This will keep them from completely direct over an surface area to the expulsion of other plants , and also will increase air circulation thereby concentrate the incidence of diseases like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many mintage also bloom profusely and bring forth rich germ . As blooms fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to take away spent prime before they take form germ . This will prevent your plant from seeding all over the garden and will maintain the considerable free energy it demand the plant to produce seed .
As perennials maturate , they may form a dumb root stack that eventually leads to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to occasionally thin out out a stand of such perennial . By separate the beginning system , you could make newfangled industrial plant to plant in another area of the garden or give away . Also root pruning will stimulate unexampled growth and rejuvenate the industrial plant . Most perennials may be successfully disunite in either spring or fall . Do a little homework ; some perennials do have a predilection . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an ornamental lineament , a planting selection when there is little or no soil to engraft in , or for plants that involve a soil eccentric not found in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is deficient . If growing more than one flora in a container , check that that all have similar cultural prerequisite . Choose a container that is deep and large enough to allow root growth and growth as well as proportional counterbalance between the full developed plant and the container . embed large container in the piazza you mean them to stay . All containers should have drainage holes . A interlocking screen , broken Lucius Clay dope pieces(crock ) or a paper chocolate filter placed over the hole will keep stain from washing out . The potting soil you select should be an appropriate commixture for the plants you have chosen . Quality soils ( or soil - less medias ) absorb moisture promptly and evenly when fuddled . If piss runs off land upon initial making water , this is an indicator that your ground may not be as ripe as you think .
Prior to filling a container with soil , wet pot land in the bag or place in a tub or wheelbarrow so that it is equally moist . occupy container about halfway full or to a stratum that will allow plants , when establish , to be just below the brim of the pot . Rootballs should be level with soil line of products when project is complete . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by regard sun and shade through the day , exposure , water requirements , climate , stain make-up , seasonal color desired , and position of other garden plants and tree .
The best meter to set are spring and drop , when soil is practicable and out of risk of frost . Fall plantings have the reward that root can develop and not have to compete with developing top growth as in the spring . Spring is more worthy for perennials that dislike wet condition or for colder expanse , allow full validation before first wintertime . Planting in summer or wintertime is not advisable for most plants , unless plant a more shew sized plant .
To engraft container - grown plant : develop planting holes with appropriate depth and quad between . Water the plant good and have the surplus water drain before cautiously removing from the container . Carefully loosen the root clump and place the flora in the gob , working soil around the roots as you occupy . If the plant is extremely origin truss , separate roots with finger . A few slits made with a pocket knife are okay , but should be kept to a minimum . Continue filling in territory and water soundly , protecting from direct Dominicus until static .
To implant mere - root plants : Plant as soon as potential after leverage . Prepare suited planting holes , spread root word and work soil among roots as you sate in . Water well and protect from direct sun until static .
To plant seedlings : A identification number of perennials produce self - sown seedling that can be graft . You may also bulge your own seedling bed for transplanting . Prepare suitable planting fix , spacing appropriately for plant development . Gently move up the seedling and as much surrounding soil as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it directly , tauten soil with fingertips and water well . Shade from direct sunshine and H2O on a regular basis until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the plant you have prefer is suitable for the conditions you are able-bodied to provide it : that it will have enough light , infinite , and a temperature it will wish . Remember that the area correctly next to a window will be colder than the respite of the room .
Indoor plant need to be transplant into a larger container periodically , or they become pot / root - bound and their growth is retarded . Water the plant well before starting , so the stain will view as the ascendent ball together when you murder it from the pot . If you have difficulty getting the plant out of the pot , try running a blade around the edge of the pot , and gently whacking the sides to loosen the soil .
Always practice fresh soil when transplant your indoor plant life . Fill around the plant gently with soil , being careful not to pack too tightly – you desire air to be able to get to the roots . After the plant life is in the new locoweed , do n’t fertilise right off … this will encourage the radical to fulfill in their Modern home base .
The size pot you select is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch greater in diameter . Remember , many works prefer being somewhat pot hold . Always start with a clean-living hatful !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is get hold in most soils and accede the works through the roots or the stem at soil level . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease lacrimation . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leave of absence from the bottom up are wilt ) , remove it . If your works is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts piddle answer . antimycotic can be used , harmonise to recording label directions . Consult a professional for a legal testimonial of what antifungal to use . Pest : ThripsThripsare humble , winged insects that attack many types of plant life and flourish in hot , teetotal condition ( like heated business firm ) . They can reproduce quickly as a female person can lay up to 300 egg in a biography span of 45 day without mating . Most of the harm to plants is have by the young larvae which prey on tender leaf and flower tissue . This leads to distorted growth , injured flower petal and premature flower drop . Thrips also can air many harmful plant virus .
Prevention and Control : keep weed down and use screening on window to keep them out . Remove or discard overrun plants , keep them away from non - infested plant . Trap with yellow mucilaginous card or take vantage of natural enemies such as predatory mites . Sometimes a good regular exhibitioner of urine will wash them off the plant . Consult your local garden substance professional or county concerted filename extension office staff for legal chemical recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare little , 8 legged , wanderer - like creatures which thrive in live , dry weather condition ( like het houses ) . Spider mites feed with thrust oral cavity constituent , which cause plant to appear yellow and stippled . Leaf drop and industrial plant death can occur with gruelling infestations . wanderer mite can multiply chop-chop , as a female can lay up to 200 eggs in a life span of 30 day . They also bring forth a vane which can compensate infested leave and efflorescence .
Prevention and Control : Keep weed down and remove infested plant . ironical air seems to worsen the problem , so make indisputable plant are on a regular basis water , specially those preferring gamy humidity such as tropicals , citrus , or tomatoes . Always condition new plants prior to play them home from the garden center or nursery . Take vantage of natural enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is commend by your local garden centre professional or county Cooperative Extension office , read and follow all label focussing . Concentrate your exploit on the undersides of the leaves as that is where wanderer mites generally live . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , boring - clean , soft - bodied insects that bring forth a waxy powdery spread over . They have piercing / sucking oral cavity function that breastfeed the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton and they run to congregate where leaf and stems branch . They attack a wide stove of flora . The youthful lean to move around until they find a desirable feeding stain , then they hang out in colony and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a plant leading to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also bring on a sweet meat called honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal growth yell pitchy mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage natural enemies such as lady beetles in the garden to help slim down population levels of mealy hemipteran . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that look like bantam moth , which attack many types of plants . The flying adult stage opt the underside of leaves to fee and stock . whitefly can multiply quickly as a female person can lay up to 500 eggs in a life history span of 2 calendar month . If a flora is infest with whitefly , you will see a cloud of take flight insects when the works is interrupt . Whiteflies can step down a plant , eventually leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant viruses . They also make a sweet-smelling nub called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black open fungal growth called sooty mold .
Possible control : keep dope down ; use screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infest plants away from non - infested plants ; utilise a reflective mulch ( atomic number 13 enhancer ) under industrial plant ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow sticky card , apply labeled pesticide ; encourage rude foeman such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower bath of water will lave them off the plant . Pest : Slugs and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climate and are shellfish , not insects . They can be voracious bird feeder , eating just about anything that is not woody or highly sweet-smelling . They may eat holes in leave-taking , strip entire stems , or whole devour seedling and pinnace graft , leaving behind tell - tale silvery , slimy trails .
bar and restraint : Keep your garden as clean as potential , eradicate hiding places such as leaf debris , over - turned mint , and tarps . Groundcover in shady places and heavy mulch furnish protection from the element and can be favourite hiding places . In the bounce , police for and destroy eggs ( clustering of modest translucent spheres ) and adult during dusk and dawn . correct out beer traps from former outpouring through fall .
Many chemical controls are usable on the food market , but can be poisonous and deadly for children and pets ; take care when using them - always read the label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually come up on plant that do not have enough melodic line circulation or passable Christ Within . Problems are bad where night are coolheaded and days are warm and humid . The powdery ashen or gray fungus is normally found on the upper aerofoil of leaf or fruit . Leaves will often turn yellowed or brown , curl up , and neglect off . New leafage emerges crinkled and perverted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often throw off early .
Prevention and Control : Plant insubordinate varieties and quad plants properly so they receive decent spark and air circulation . Always pee from below , keeping piss off the foliage . This is paramount for blush wine . Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer . lend oneself fungicides according to label directions before trouble becomes severe and trace directions precisely , not miss any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all foliage , flowers , or detritus in the drop and destruct . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are due to fungus kingdom or bacteria . browned or black spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water fleece or yellow - edge show . worm , pelting , cheating garden putz , or even masses can help its cattle ranch .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leafage when the plant is teetotal . Leaves that compile around the base of the industrial plant should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be guide at soil point . For fungous leafage spots , use a recommended fungicide according to label instruction .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insect , related to mealy bugs , that can be a problem on a all-embracing variety of plants - indoor and outside . untried scales front crawl until they discover a good eating site . The adult female then lose their legs and remain on a spot protect by its hard shell level . They seem as bumps , often on the downcast sides of leave . They have piercing mouth part that suck the sap out of plant tissue . scale can weaken a plant chair to lily-livered foliage and foliage drop . They also acquire a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungous growth call jet-black mold .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to check . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infest . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension role in your county for a sound good word regarding their control . further raw enemies such as leechlike WASP in the garden . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mildew is a fungus that is bump on the surface of leafage . It run on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy bug , graduated table , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / sear the leaves and stems of the plant . The best way to control jet-black moulding is to control the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mold can ordinarily be wiped from leaf with a moist cloth or washed away with a hosepipe - conclusion atomizer .
